Deep Research and Development

Why is Solana so different from Ethereum? By far the biggest reason the development experience between Solana and Ethereum is so different is due to their account model designs. Before we dig into those, it’s helpful to understand why Solana’s account model was designed so differently from Ethereum. Unlike Ethereum, which is designed to run on consumer grade hardware, Solana was designed to optimize transaction throughput on high-end multi-core machines. The Solana team noticed a trend that the number of cores in computers is growing exponentially. In order to take advantage of all these cores and future-proof the protocol, the Solana team designed transactions to be easily parallelized with each other. Account model design So what is actually meant by the “account model” of a blockchain? Well, when an on-chain program is called on a blockchain like Solana or Ethereum, the smart contract needs a way to track certain state like token balances, who owns an NFT, or who the curre...

A popular trend in smart contract design is to promote the development of upgradable contracts . To be fair, existing techniques to upgrade contracts have flaws, increase the complexity of the contract significantly, and ultimately introduce bugs - even in the Zeppelin contract upgrade strategy. In this article, we are going to detail our analysis of existing smart contract upgrade strategies, describe the weaknesses we have observed in practice, and provide recommendations for contracts that require upgrades. In a follow-up blog post, we will detail a method, contract migration, that achieves the same benefits with few of the downsides. An overview of upgradable contracts Two ‘families’ of patterns have emerged for upgradable smart contracts: Data separation, where logic and data are kept in separate contracts. The logic contract owns and calls the data contract. Delegatecall-based proxies, where logic and data are kept in separate contracts, also, but the data contr...